Kev piav qhia yooj yim ntawm PVC Terminology

Guangzhou XiongXing Yas Khoom Co., Ltd. yog lub Hoobkas yas loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Suav teb, nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv 1995. Peb cov neeg siv khoom qee zaum tsis nkag siab cov lus ntawm kev lag luam PVC. Niaj hnub no, peb yuav luv luv nrov qee qhov kev tshaj lij ntawm PVC raw cov ntaub ntawv.

　

Nraum thiab txheeb ze ntom: ntom yog hais txog qhov loj muaj nyob hauv cov ntim ntim ntawm cov khoom. Hauv luv, nws yog qhov piv ntawm huab hwm coj mus rau ntim. Nws chav tsev yog lab grams / m3 (Mg / m3) los yog kilograms / m3 (kg / m3) los yog grams / cm3 (g / cm3). Relative density, tseem hu ua density ratio, yog hais txog qhov sib piv ntawm qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom mus rau qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom siv raws li lawv cov xwm txheej. Nws txhais tau hais tias qhov loj ntawm ib qho ntim ntawm cov khoom ntawm qhov kub thiab txias t1 thiab qhov loj ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias t2. Piv txwv. Cov khoom siv siv feem ntau yog dej distilled, thiab nws tau qhia los ntawm Dt1 / t2 lossis t1 / t2, uas yog qhov tsis muaj qhov ntau.

 

Melting point thiab Freezing point: Qhov kub ntawm cov khoom hloov pauv ntawm cov kua thiab cov khoom hauv qab cua siab yog hu ua melting point lossis khov point. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb hais tias kev ua haujlwm tsis tu ncua ntawm atoms lossis ions hauv cov khoom yog qhib vim qhov kub thiab txias thiab thermal txav mus ua tsis zoo, tsim cov dej tsis sib xws. Cov txheej txheem rov qab yog solidification. Qhov kub ntawm cov kua ua kua yog feem ntau hu ua lub freezing point. Qhov txawv ntawm qhov melting point yog tias nws emits cua sov es tsis txhob nqus cua sov. Qhov tseeb, lub melting point thiab khov point ntawm cov khoom yog tib yam.

 

Melting ntau: Nws yog hais txog qhov kub thiab txias txij li thaum pib ntawm lub melting ntawm cov khoom mus rau tag nrho melting raws li ntsuas los ntawm txoj kev capillary.

　　

Crystal point: Nws yog hais txog lub sijhawm hloov pauv kub uas cov kua hloov pauv ntawm cov kua mus rau cov khoom thaum lub sijhawm txias.

　　

Pour point: Ib qho ntawm cov cim qhia qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv roj av ua kua. Nws txhais tau hais tias tus qauv yog txias rau qhov kub ntawm qhov uas nws pib tsis ntws raws li tus qauv, uas yog, qhov qis tshaj qhov kub ntawm cov qauv tuaj yeem nchuav thaum nws txias.

　　

Boiling point: Qhov kub ntawm cov kua yog rhuab kom boil thiab dhau los ua roj. Hauv lwm lo lus, qhov kub ntawm cov kua thiab nws cov vapor yog nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug. Feem ntau hais lus, qhov qis ntawm qhov boiling point, qhov ntau dua qhov volatility.

　　

Boiling ntau yam: Raws li cov qauv txheej txheem (1013.25hPa, 0 degree), lub ntim ntim hauv qhov ntsuas kub tau teev tseg los ntawm cov qauv khoom.

　　

Sublimation: Ib qho tshwm sim uas cov khoom siv (crystalline) tau ncaj qha hloov mus rau hauv lub xeev gaseous yam tsis dhau los ntawm lub xeev ua kua. Xws li dej khov, iodine, sulfur, naphthalene, camphor, mercuric chloride, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem raug sublimated ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.

　　

Vaporizing tshaj tawm: evaporation yog hais txog vaporization tshwm sim uas tshwm sim ntawm cov kua dej. Tus nqi evaporation kuj hu ua tus nqi volatilization. Feem ntau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov hnyav, qhov tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab txog qhov evaporation yog qhov vapor siab ntawm cov kuab tshuaj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ua raws li qhov hnyav molecular ntawm cov kuab tshuaj.

　　

Vapor siab: Vapor siab yog cov ntawv luv rau saturated vapor siab. Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, cov kua thiab nws cov vapor ncav cuag qhov sib npaug, thiab qhov sib npaug ntawm lub sijhawm no tsuas yog hloov pauv vim qhov xwm txheej thiab qhov kub ntawm cov kua, uas yog hu ua saturated vapor siab ntawm cov kua ntawm qhov kub ntawd.

 

Azeotropic point: Qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm ob (lossis ob peb) kua yog hu ua azeotropic sib tov, uas yog hais txog kev sib xyaw ua ke thaum muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov roj theem thiab cov kua theem yog tib yam hauv lub xeev sib npaug. Qhov ntsuas kub sib xws yog hu ua azeotropic kub lossis azeotropic point.

　　

Refractive index: Lub refractive index yog lub cev muaj nuj nqis uas sawv cev rau qhov piv ntawm qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv ob qhov sib txawv (isotropic) xov xwm. Qhov ceev ntawm lub teeb txawv ntawm nruab nrab mus rau nruab nrab. Thaum lub teeb nkag mus rau lwm qhov nruab nrab pob tshab nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab pob tshab, nws hloov mus rau qhov kev taw qhia ntawm kev nce qib vim qhov kev hloov pauv ceev, yog li nws hu ua refraction. Qhov piv ntawm lub sine ntawm qhov teeb meem lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub teeb mus rau lub sine ntawm lub refraction lub kaum sab xis, los yog qhov ratio ntawm lub ceev ntawm lub teeb thaum dhau los ntawm lub nqus tsev vacuum thiab thaum dhau los ntawm ib tug nruab nrab, yog lub refractive index. Feem ntau qhia refractive index n yog hais txog tus nqi ntawm lub teeb nkag mus rau ib qho nruab nrab ntawm huab cua. Lub refractive index feem ntau xa mus rau yog ntsuas ntawm t degree siv sodium daj teeb (D kab), yog li nws yog qhia los ntawm ntD, yog ntsuas ntawm 20 degree, nws yog n20D.

　　

Flashing point: Flash point, tseem hu ua ignition flash point, sawv cev rau ib qho ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov kua hluav taws xob. Nws yog hais txog qhov ntsuas kub qis tshaj plaws uas cov kua flammable yog rhuab mus rau qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov kub thiab txias thaum sib tov ntawm vapor siab thiab cua ntawm cov kua nto hu rau cov nplaim taws ua rau hluav taws kub. Lub flash feem ntau yog lub teeb xiav lub teeb, uas yuav tawm ntawm lub teeb thiab tsis tuaj yeem hlawv txuas ntxiv. Flashover feem ntau yog qhov ua ntej rau hluav taws. Muaj txoj kev qhib khob thiab kaw lub khob txoj kev ntsuas qhov taw tes. Feem ntau, qhov qub yog siv los ntsuas cov kua dej flash point siab, thiab tom kawg yog siv los ntsuas cov kua dej qis qis.

　　

Ignition point: Lub ignition point tseem hu ua ignition point, uas sawv cev rau ib qho ntawm cov cim qhia ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov nplaim taws. Nws yog hais txog qhov ntsuas kub qis tshaj plaws uas cov kua hluav taws xob kub kub rau saum npoo ntawm cov vapor thiab cua sib tov thiab cov nplaim taws tam sim ntawd ntes hluav taws thiab tuaj yeem hlawv mus ntxiv. Lub ignition point ntawm cov kua flammable yog 1-5 degree siab tshaj qhov flash point. Qhov qis dua qhov flash point, qhov sib txawv me me ntawm qhov hluav taws xob taw tes thiab flash point.

　　

Spontaneous ignition point: Qhov kub qis tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws tsis muaj kev sib cuag nrog cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab yog hu ua spontaneous ignition point. Qhov qis dua qhov taw tes ntawm tus kheej qhov hluav taws kub, qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws ntau dua. Lub ignition point ntawm tib yam khoom nws txawv nrog lub siab, concentration, tshav kub dissipation thiab lwm yam kev mob thiab xeem txoj kev.

　　

Kev txwv tsis pub tawg: Cov pa hluav taws xob, cov pa ntawm cov kua hluav taws xob lossis cov plua plav ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw nrog huab cua lossis oxygen kom ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm qee qhov kub thiab siab, nws yuav tawg thaum nws ntsib qhov hluav taws kub. Qhov no tej yam concentration ntau yog hu ua explosion limit lossis combustion limit. Yog tias qhov sib xyaw ntawm qhov sib tov tsis nyob hauv qhov ntau yam no, txawm tias muaj zog npaum li cas, nws yuav tsis ntes hluav taws. Qhov tsawg kawg nkaus concentration ntawm cov pa los yog hmoov av sib tov nrog huab cua thiab ncav cuag ib tug tej yam concentration ntau yam, uas yuav kub hnyiab los yog tawg thaum ntsib ib tug hluav taws qhov chaw yog hu ua lub qis tawg txwv, thiab lub siab tshaj plaws concentration yog hu ua lub Upper explosion limit.Qhov tawg txwv yog feem ntau qhia raws li qhov ntim feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov vapor hauv qhov sib tov, qhia hauv feem pua ​​(vol), thiab cov plua plav yog qhia hauv mg / m3 concentration. Yog tias qhov concentration qis dua qhov qis dua qhov txwv, txawm hais tias qhov qhib nplaim taws yuav tsis tawg lossis kub hnyiab, vim tias huab cua tso nyiaj rau ntau qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm lub sijhawm no, qhov concentration ntawm combustible vapor thiab hmoov av tsis siab; Yog hais tias qhov concentration siab tshaj qhov kev txwv saum toj kawg nkaus tawg, yuav muaj ntau yam combustible, tab sis tsis muaj combustion-txhawb oxygen yuav tsis tawg txawm tias nws ntsib qhov qhib nplaim taws yam tsis muaj cua ntxiv. Flammable solvents muaj qee qhov tawg, thiab qhov dav ntawm qhov tawg, qhov txaus ntshai ntau dua.

　　

Viscosity: Viscosity yog qhov kev sib txhuam sab hauv ntawm cov kua (kua lossis roj) hauv cov dej ntws, thiab nws qhov loj yog txiav txim siab los ntawm yam xws li hom tshuaj, qhov kub thiab txias. Nws feem ntau yog cov ntawv luv rau dynamic viscosity, thiab nws chav tsev yog Pa·s lossis mPa·s (milliPa·s). Viscosity muab faib ua dynamic viscosity, kinematic viscosity, thiab txheeb ze viscosity. Peb qhov sib txawv thiab tsis tuaj yeem tsis meej pem.Viscosity kuj tuaj yeem ntsuas nrog Viscosity Cup-4los yog Viscosity Cup-1, thiab nws chav tsev yog thib ob (s).

 

Viscosity khob-1

 

　　

Mooney viscosity: Mooney viscosity, tseem hu ua rotational (Mooney) viscosity, yog tus nqi ntsuas nrog Mooney viscometer, uas yog qhov qhia txog qib ntawm polymerization thiab molecular hnyav ntawm hluavtaws roj hmab. Raws li tus qauv GB 1232, qhov kev sib hloov (Mooney) viscosity yog sawv cev los ntawm lub cim Z100 degree 1 ntxiv rau 4. Ntawm lawv, Z — kev sib hloov viscosity nqi; 1 - preheating lub sij hawm yog 1 min; 4 - lub sij hawm tig yog 4min; 100 degree —— ntsuas kub yog 100 degree, thiab ML100 degree 1 ntxiv 4 yog siv los qhia Mooney viscosity.

　　

Solubility: Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj yaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev muab cov kuab tshuaj hu ua solubility. Lub solubility ntawm ib tug khoom los yog kua tshuaj yog feem ntau qhia nyob rau hauv grams ntawm cov khoom uas yuav yaj nyob rau hauv 100g ntawm hnyav. Solubility ntawm ib tug roj solute feem ntau yog qhia nyob rau hauv milliliters ntawm cov roj yaj nyob rau hauv ib liter ntawm hnyav.

　　

Solubility parameter: Lub solubility parameter yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm cov rog intermolecular. Cov nyhuv ntawm nqa cov molecules ua ke yog hu ua cohesive zog. Lub zog cohesive rau ib chav tsev ntim yog hu ua cohesive zog ntom ntom (CED), thiab lub hauv paus square ntawm CED 1/2 yog txhais raws li qhov tsis muaj solubility, thiab cov cai yog δ lossis SP.

　　

Ntog nro thiab lub zog saum npoo: Qhov kev nyiam ntawm cov molecules hauv cov kua ua rau cov molecules ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub zog sab hauv, uas ua rau cov kua txo nws qhov chaw thiab tsim ib lub zog sib npaug rau saum npoo, uas yog hu ua deg nro. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws yog kev sib nrig sib traction quab yuam ib chav tsev ntev ntawm ob qhov chaw nyob ib sab ntawm cov kua nto, uas yog ib qho kev tshwm sim ntawm molecular quab yuam. Chav tsev ntawm qhov nro yog N / m. Qhov loj ntawm qhov nro saum npoo yog cuam tshuam nrog qhov xwm txheej, purity thiab kub ntawm cov kua. Qhov nro ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov chaw saum npoo yog lub zog saum npoo. Qhov loj dua qhov nro ntawm qhov chaw, qhov loj dua ntawm qhov chaw thiab lub zog ntawm qhov chaw ntau dua.

　　

Lub peev xwm kub tshwj xeeb: Thaum qhov kub ntawm txhua kilogram ntawm cov khoom nce los ntawm 1K, lub tshav kub yuav tsum tau nqus yog hu ua lub peev xwm kub, thiab chav tsev yog kJ / (kg·K). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub siab tas li, lub tshav kub absorbed thaum kub nce los ntawm 1K yog hu ua qhov tshwj xeeb kub muaj peev xwm ntawm tas li siab.

　　

Thermal conductivity: Thermal conductivity siv los hu ua thermal conductivity lossis thermal conductivity, uas qhia txog thermal conductivity ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Ntawd yog, coj ob lub dav hlau sib luag nrog qhov deb ntawm 1cm thiab thaj tsam ntawm 1cm2 nyob rau hauv cov khoom perpendicular mus rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm tshav kub conduction. Yog tias qhov kub sib txawv ntawm ob lub dav hlau yog 1K, qhov kub ntawm ib lub dav hlau mus rau lwm qhov hauv ls txhais tau tias yog cov khoom siv thermal conductivity ntawm chav tsev yog W / (m·K).

 

Cov ntsiab lus dej: Cov dej muaj nyob hauv cov khoom, tab sis tsis suav nrog cov dej siv lead ua thiab cov dej sib txuas. Nws yog feem ntau qhia raws li qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov thawj loj ntawm cov qauv thiab qhov loj ntawm tus qauv tom qab poob dej.

　　

Kev nqus dej: Nws yog qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov nqus dej ntawm cov khoom. Hais txog qhov loj feem pua ​​​​nce los ntawm immersing ib yam khoom nyob rau hauv dej rau ib lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm ib tug tej yam kub.

　　

Qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov tshauv: Qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov hmoov tshauv tseem hu ua residue ntawm ignition, uas yog hais txog cov seem ntawm oxides thiab ntsev uas tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av tom qab evaporation thiab ignition, qhia raws li feem pua.

 

Kev nkag mus rau koob: Qhov kev nkag mus yog qhia los ntawm qhov tob ntawm tus qauv koob vertically nkag mus rau cov qauv asphalt nyob rau hauv qee qhov kev thauj khoom, lub sijhawm thiab qhov kub thiab txias, thiab chav tsev yog 1/10mm. Tshwj tsis yog tias tau teev tseg, qhov hnyav ntawm tus qauv koob, rab koob txuas txuas thiab qhov hnyav ntxiv yog 100 ± 0.1g, qhov kub yog 25 degree, thiab lub sijhawm yog 5s. Qhov ntau dua qhov nkag mus, qhov softer, uas yog, qhov me dua qhov sib xws; txwv tsis pub, qhov nyuaj, uas yog, ntau dua qhov sib xws.

　　

Hardness: Hardness yog qhov tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv rau sab nraud quab yuam xws li imprints thiab khawb. Raws li cov kev sim sib txawv, muaj Shore hardness, Brinell hardness, Rockwell hardness, Mohs hardness, Barcol hardness, Vichers hardness thiab hais txog. Tus nqi ntawm hardness muaj feem xyuam rau hom hardness tester. Ntawm cov khoom siv hardness testers, Shore hardness tester muaj cov qauv yooj yim thiab tsim nyog rau kev tshuaj xyuas ntau lawm. Lub Shore hardness tester tuaj yeem muab faib ua Hom A, Hom C, thiab Hom D. Hom A yog siv los ntsuas cov roj hmab muag, thiab Hom C thiab D yog siv los ntsuas cov roj hmab ib nrab thiab tawv tawv.

　　

Aniline point (A．P．): Qhov taw tes aniline yog qhov kub qis tshaj plaws ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov roj av alkanes thiab aniline yaj ib leeg, thiab siv los qhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm paraffinic saturated hydrocarbons. Cov theem ntawm aniline taw tes muaj feem xyuam rau cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov siab dua qhov taw tes aniline, cov ntsiab lus alkane ntau dua; qhov qis dua qhov taw tes aniline, cov ntsiab lus muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbon ntau dua.

　　

Volume resistivity: Kuj hu ua ntim kuj thiab ntim resistivity, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb Performance index rau characterize cov hluav taws xob zog ntawm dielectrics los yog insulating cov ntaub ntawv. Nws sawv cev rau qhov tsis kam ntawm 1cm3 dielectric rau cov xau tam sim no, thiab chav tsev yog Ω·m lossis Ω·cm. Qhov loj dua qhov ntim resistivity, qhov zoo ntawm rwb thaiv tsev kev ua tau zoo.

　

Kev nqus roj: Qhov ntau ntawm cov roj yuav tsum tau thaum lub ntsej muag ntawm qee qhov loj ntawm cov khoom muab tub lim yog tag nrho los ntawm cov roj.

　　

Acid tus nqi: Nws sawv cev rau qhov ntsuas ntawm cov organic teeb meem, uas yog tus naj npawb ntawm milligrams ntawm poov tshuaj hydroxide (KOH) yuav tsum tau neutralize cov dawb acid nyob rau hauv cov tsis-volatile teeb meem ntawm 1g ntawm cov organic teeb meem, uas yog, mgKOH / g.

　　

Tus nqi Hydroxyl: Tus naj npawb ntawm milligrams ntawm poov tshuaj hydroxide (KOH) sib npaug rau pawg hydroxyl hauv 1g qauv yog qhia hauv mgKOH / g.

　　

Iodine tus nqi: Ib qho qhia txog qib ntawm unsaturation ntawm cov organic tshuaj. Nws yog qhov loj feem pua ​​​​ntawm iodine uas tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm 1g qauv. Qhov siab dua qhov degree ntawm unsaturation, ntau dua tus nqi iodine.

　　

Tus nqi epoxy: Tus nqi epoxy yog hais txog qhov sib npaug ntawm pawg epoxy muaj nyob rau hauv 100 g ntawm epoxy resin, uas yog, qhov loj dua tus nqi epoxy, qhov hnyav molecular thiab qis dua qhov viscosity.

　　

Epoxy sib npaug: Cov epoxy sib npaug sawv cev rau qhov hnyav molecular ntawm cov resin sib thooj rau txhua pawg epoxy.

　　

HLB value: HLB is the abbreviation of Hydrophile-Lipophile-Balance, which is used to measure the relative strength of the polar group and non-polar group in the surfactant molecule. Yog tias pawg polar muaj zog dua, nws tus nqi HLB ntau dua thiab nws cov hydrophilicity muaj zog dua; yog tias pawg tsis-polar ntev dua, nws tus nqi HLB yog me dua thiab nws cov hydrophilicity yog qhov phem dua.

　　

Critical micell concentration: Critical micell concentration yog abbreviated li CMC. Cov concentration ntau qhov twg qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov tshuaj emulsifier hloov pauv yog hu ua qhov tseem ceeb micelle concentration ntawm emulsifier. Tom qab cov txheej txheem emulsion mus txog qhov tseem ceeb micelle concentration, ntau cov emulsifier molecules sib sau ua micelles. Chav tsev ntawm CMC yog mol / L.

　　

Degree Baum'e: Tus nqi muab los ntawm Baume meter, uas siv txoj kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb hauv lub iav raj ntab meter, hu ua Baume degree, thiab lub cim yog degree B'e. Siv indirectly muab qhov ntom ntawm cov kua.

　　

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb tseem hu ua cov ntsiab lus tsis-volatile thiab tag nrho cov ntsiab lus (TS), uas sawv cev rau qhov sib piv ntawm qhov loj ntawm qhov seem mus rau qhov loj ntawm cov qauv tom qab cua sov cov qauv ntawm qee qhov kub, qhia raws li ib feem pua.

　　

Surface-active agent: Ib yam khoom uas nws tus neeg sawv cev saum npoo tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov nro ntawm cov kua los yog ob-theem interfacial nro. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws tuaj yeem ua tau zoo adsorbed rau saum npoo ntawm lwm yam tshuaj los yog sib sau ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj daws kom txo tau qhov nro ntawm cov kua lossis cov khoom khib nyiab.

　　

Relative humidity: Ib txoj hauv kev qhia cov av noo yog qhov piv ntawm cov av tsis txaus rau cov av noo txaus nyob rau hauv tib yam kev mob (tib yam kub thiab siab), uas yog, nyob rau hauv tib yam kev mob, qhov tseeb dej vapor nyob rau hauv cov huab cua (los yog lwm yam roj). ratio ntawm huab hwm coj mus saturated dej vapor huab hwm coj. Feem ntau qhia raws li feem pua.

　

Pom tseeb ntom: Nws yog ib zaug hu ua bulk density, false density, and apparent density, which stands the mass of matter per unit volume (suav nrog voids).

　　

Isomer: Qhov tshwm sim uas cov tebchaw muaj tib lub qauv molecular tab sis cov qauv sib txawv thiab cov khoom hu ua isomerism. Cov tshuaj uas tuaj yeem ua rau isomerism hu ua isomers, lossis isomers luv luv.

　　

Cov txheeb ze molecular loj: Cov luv luv molecular hnyav yog hais txog qhov sib piv ntawm qhov nruab nrab loj ntawm ib lub molecule lossis ib chav tsev tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom rau cov atomic mass ntawm nuclide 10 6 C (1/12), thiab lub cim yog Mr.

　　

Tus lej nruab nrab molecular hnyav: Polymers yog tsim los ntawm homologous sib tov nrog tib cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg tab sis sib txawv qib ntawm polymerization, uas yog, sib tov ntawm polymers nrog sib txawv molecular saw lengths. Qhov nruab nrab molecular hnyav feem ntau yog siv los qhia qhov loj ntawm cov molecule. Raws li qhov ntsuas nruab nrab ntawm cov lej ntawm cov molecules, nws yog hu ua tus lej nruab nrab molecular hnyav, thiab lub cim yog (ˉMn).

　　

Degree ntawm polymerization: Tus naj npawb ntawm cov saw txuas uas ua rau cov saw hlau molecular ntawm lub polymer hu ua degree ntawm polymerization, thiab cov cai yog n lossis DP, uas tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas qhov hnyav ntawm cov polymer.

　　

Molecular hnyav tis: Vim muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov polymers, ntxiv rau cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom hnyav molecular, kuj muaj polydispersity, uas yog, molecular hnyav tis. Tib qhov nruab nrab molecular hnyav yuav muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hnyav molecular faib thiab qhia cov khoom sib txawv.

　　

Homopolymer: Ib qho polymer tsim los ntawm cov saw txuas rov qab los ntawm tib lub monomer, hu ua homopolymer.

　　

Copolymer: Ib qho polymer tsim los ntawm polymerization ntawm ob lossis ntau dua monomers lossis monomers thiab polymers, hu ua copolymer. Nws muab faib ua thaiv copolymer, random copolymer, tsis tu ncua copolymer, graft copolymers thiab lwm yam.

　　

Graft copolymer: Ib copolymer uas qee cov atoms ntawm cov saw hlau tseem ceeb yog txuas nrog sab chains ntawm polymer ntu uas txawv hauv cov qauv tshuaj los ntawm cov saw tseem ceeb, hu ua graft copolymer, xws li grafted chloroprene roj hmab thiab SBS grafted copolymer.

　　

Prepolymer: Ib qho polymer uas muaj qhov hnyav dua molecular (qis dua 1500) nrog rau qib ntawm polymerization ntawm cov monomer thiab cov polymer kawg, tseem hu ua oligomers, oligomers (Oligmer), yog cov polymer tsim los ntawm ob peb ntu ntu, xws li dimers, trimers, tetramers, los yog sib tov ntawm cov oligomers.

　　

Cov iav hloov pauv kub: Qhov kwv yees nruab nrab ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov nqaim ntawm qhov amorphous lossis semi-crystalline polymer hloov pauv los ntawm lub xeev cov kua dej los yog lub xeev elastic heev rau lub xeev iav (lossis lwm qhov) hu ua iav hloov kub. Nws yog feem ntau qhia raws li Tg, uas yog ib qho kev qhia ntawm tshav kub tsis kam.

　　

Brittle kub: Ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg-kub. Thaum lub rauj nrog qee lub zog cuam tshuam rau tus qauv, qhov kub ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov qauv mus txog 50 feem pua ​​​​yog hu ua embrittlement kub, tseem hu ua brittle break point.

　　

Thaum tshav kub kub deflection kub nyob rau hauv load: Ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm tshav kub tsis kam ntawm ib tug polymer. Nws yog ntsuas los ntawm immersing ib tug polymer qauv nyob rau hauv ib tug haum hloov tshav kub nruab nrab nrog ib tug tas li kub nce nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm ib tug yooj yim kev txhawb nqa beam static dabtsi yog khoov load. Qhov kub ntawm qhov kev khoov deformation ntawm tus qauv nce mus txog tus nqi teev yog thermal deformation kub, hu ua HDT.

　　

Qhov ntsuas kub tsawg tshaj plaws: Qhov kub qis tshaj plaws uas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob emulsion tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab txuas ntxiv yog hu ua qhov tsawg kawg nkaus-tsim qhov kub, lossis MFT luv luv.

　　

Softening point: Ib qho kev thauj khoom yog siv rau cov qauv polymer hauv ib daim ntawv thiab rhuab mus rau qhov kub ntawm qhov deformation ntawm tus qauv mus txog tus nqi teev raws li qhov ntsuas cua sov, uas yog qhov muag muag.

　　

Marten's test: Ib txoj hauv kev los ntsuas qhov nyiam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kom deform ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Nyob rau hauv lub qhov cub cua sov, cov qauv yog raug rau ib tug tej yam dabtsi yog khoov kev nyuaj siab thiab rhuab ntawm ib tug tej yam nqi. Qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov qauv ua kom muaj qhov tseeb ntawm deflection yog hu ua Martin kub.

　　

Vicat softening point test: Ib txoj hauv kev los ntsuas qhov nyiam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias deformation ntawm thermoplastics. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov cua sov tas li, lub tiaj tus thimble nrog lub nra hnyav thiab thaj tsam ntawm 1mm2 yog muab tso rau ntawm cov qauv. Qhov kub thaum lub tiaj tus thimble nkag mus rau cov qauv 1 hli yog ntsuas Vicat softening kub.

 

Melt Performance index: Lub yaj qhov Performance index yog luv li MI, uas yog ib qho Performance index qhia txog cov yam ntxwv ntws thiab molecular hnyav ntawm cov thermoplastic resin yaj. Nyob rau hauv ib qho kub thiab load, cov yaj yuav dhau los ntawm tus qauv capillary hauv 10 feeb, qhia hauv g / 10min.

　　

Kev ntxhov siab txog kev ntxhov siab: Qhov tshwm sim uas qhov deformation tau kho thiab qhov kev ntxhov siab ploj nrog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm lub sijhawm ua haujlwm yog hu ua kev ntxhov siab.

　　

Creep: Thaum qhov kev ntxhov siab nyob tas li, qhov tshwm sim uas lub deformation hloov nrog lub sij hawm hu ua creep.

　　

Shrinkage ration: txhais raws li qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm qhov shrinkage rau qhov loj me ua ntej shrinking, thiab lub shrinkage yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov loj me ua ntej thiab tom qab shrinking.

　　

Kev ntxhov siab sab hauv: Thaum tsis muaj kev quab yuam sab nraud, qhov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv ntawm cov nplaum nplaum (khoom siv) vim qhov tsis xws luag, qhov kub thiab txias hloov, thiab cov teebmeem hnyav.

　　

Lub zog tensile: Lub zog tensile yog qhov siab tshaj plaws tensile kev nyuaj siab thaum tus qauv yog ncab kom tawg. Lo lus no feem ntau siv los ua tsis sib xws. Nws yog hu ua tearing force, tearing zog, tensile lub zog, thiab tensile lub zog, nrog rau lub zog thiab lub zog. Raws li GB 6039-85 tus qauv, nws yog uniformly hu ua lub zog tensile, thiab chav tsev yog MPa.

　　

Shear zog: shear zog yog hais txog lub siab tshaj plaws load uas muaj peev xwm tiv taus ib cheeb tsam tsev sib txuas mus rau qhov chaw sib txuas. Qhov feem ntau siv yog MPa.

　　

Peel zog: Peel zog yog hais txog qhov siab tshaj plaws tawg load uas tuaj yeem tiv taus ib chav tsev dav. Nws yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm txoj kab kev quab yuam-cov kabmob, thiab chav tsev yog kN / m.

　　

Lub zog tshwj xeeb: Qhov piv ntawm cov khoom siv lub zog tensile rau nws qhov ntom yog hu ua lub zog tshwj xeeb.

　　

Elongation: Qhov nce ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov qauv hauv qab tensile quab yuam, qhia raws li feem pua ​​​​ntawm thawj qhov ntev.

　　

o: Ib qho tshwm sim nyob rau hauv uas lub polymer absorbs hnyav molecules thiab nthuav nyob rau hauv ntim, uas yog hu ua o. Qhov o yog muab faib ua qhov o thiab qhov o tsis kawg. Infinite o yog dissolution.

　　

Emulsion: Nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug emulsifier, qhov tshwm sim ntawm dispersing ib insoluble kua nyob rau hauv lwm yam kua yog hu ua emulsification.

　　

Gelatinization: Qhov tshwm sim uas cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab zoo li cov tshuaj thiab dej ua cov kua nplaum nplaum los yog pastes ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.

　　

Kev sib xyaw ua ke: Thaum ob lossis ntau yam khoom sib xyaw, muaj peev xwm tsis txhob cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim sib cais.

　　

Mastication: Mastication, tseem hu ua mastication thiab dov, yog hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov roj hmab nyoos los ntawm lub zog elasticity mus rau lub xeev mos thiab yas nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm txhua yam quab yuam, cua sov thiab oxygen, uas txhais tau hais tias nws tsub kom nws plasticity (fluidity). . Cov txheej txheem ntawm) yog hu ua mastication, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm mastication yog txo qhov hnyav molecular, txo viscosity, thiab txo cov dej khov. Cov roj hmab masticated yog hu ua masticated roj hmab.

　　

Milling: Kev sib xyaw yog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib xyaw cov roj hmab los yog cov roj hmab nyoos nrog qee qib ntawm plasticity thiab ntau cov neeg ua haujlwm sib xyaw los ntawm kev siv tshuab ua kom lawv sib xyaw ua ke. Qhov zoo ntawm cov roj hmab sib xyaw tau txais tom qab sib tov muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nplaum nplaum.

　　

Valcanization: Vulcanization yog txheej txheem uas roj hmab, sulfur, accelerators, thiab lwm yam., nyob rau hauv tej yam kub thiab siab, ua rau cov roj hmab macromolecular saw mus rau ib tug cross-linking cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas yog, cov txheej txheem ntawm hloov cov yas roj hmab rau hauv elastic roj hmab los yog tawv. roj hmab. Kev hais lus dav dav, vulcanization yog hais txog cov txheej txheem uas cov roj hmab macromolecules tau hloov pauv los ntawm cov kab sib txuas mus rau cov qauv sib txuas los ntawm kev sib txuas tom qab tshuaj lom neeg lossis kev kho lub cev ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab, yog li txhim kho lub cev thiab cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov roj hmab.

　　

Crosslinking: yog hais txog cov tshuaj sib txuas ntawm cov chains tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob polymer molecules.

　　

Scorching: Scorching yog hais txog thaum ntxov vulcanization ntawm roj hmab tebchaw thaum ua. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev phom sij ntawm scorching, scorch inhibitor tuaj yeem raug ntxiv, xws li sodium acetate ntxiv thaum sib xyaw ntawm neoprene.

　　

Roj tsis kam: Lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv o, tawg, tawg, deformation, lossis degradation ntawm lub cev muaj zog los ntawm cov roj.

　　

Solvent resistance: Lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv o, tawg, tawg lossis deformation tshwm sim los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj.

　　

Tshuaj tiv thaiv: Muaj peev xwm tiv taus acids, alkalis, ntsev, kuab tshuaj thiab lwm yam tshuaj.

　　

Dej tsis kam: Lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv los tswj nws lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg tom qab tau ua los ntawm dej lossis noo noo.

　　

Nplaim taws ua haujlwm: Lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv kev kub nyhiab thaum nws los rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog nplaim taws lossis cuam tshuam qhov kev kub ntxhov ntxiv thaum nws tawm ntawm cov nplaim taws.

　　

Weatherability: Cov khoom siv tiv thaiv kom raug tshav ntuj, tshav kub, txias, cua thiab nag.

　　

Permanence: Durability tseem hu ua stability thiab kev pab lub neej. Ntawd yog, nyob rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lwm qhov chaw ib puag ncig, muaj peev xwm tswj tau nws qhov kev ua tau zoo rau lub sijhawm ntev.

　　

Kev laus: Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua, cia thiab siv, vim yog kev ua ntawm lwm yam (kub, lub teeb, oxygen, dej, hluav taws xob, mechanical quab yuam thiab tshuaj nruab nrab, thiab lwm yam), ib tug series ntawm lub cev los yog tshuaj hloov pauv tshwm sim hla. -Txuas cov ntaub ntawv polymer Nws ua nkig, tawg thiab nplaum, tsis muaj xim thiab tawg, ntxhib blistering, nto chalking, delamination thiab tev, kev ua tau zoo maj mam deteriorates, thiab txawm tias poob ntawm txhua yam khoom siv tsis tau. Qhov tshwm sim no hu ua kev laus.

　　

Lethal dose: Cov koob tshuaj tuag yog cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb los ntsuas cov tshuaj lom ntawm cov tshuaj lom. Rau qee cov tsiaj txhu (xws li nas, luav, thiab lwm yam) ntawm qhov ncauj lossis txhaj tshuaj lom, koob tshuaj uas tuaj yeem tua tau ib nrab ntawm cov tsiaj yog hu ua ib nrab-tsawg koob, abbreviated li LD50, qhia hauv mg / kg. Qhov qis dua LD50, qhov ntau dua qhov toxicity, thiab LD50 tshaj 5000 mg / kg tuaj yeem suav tias tsis muaj tshuaj lom.

　　

Kev tso cai siab tshaj plaws: txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus neeg mob hnyav lossis mob ntev los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg, txhua lub tebchaws tau teev cov nqi uas cov pa phem lossis plua plav uas muaj nyob hauv huab cua hauv chaw ua haujlwm yuav tsum tsis txhob tshaj, hu ua qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai, lossis MAC rau luv, feem ntau qhia hauv mg / m3 lossis ppm . Kev sib raug zoo ntawm ppm thiab mg/m3: mg/m3=ppm × (22.45 yog 25 degree, 1mol roj ntim ntawm 101.3kPa).

Cia lub neej: Lub sijhawm ntev tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv nrog cov khoom hloov pauv tuaj yeem tswj xyuas lawv cov kev ua haujlwm tau zoo thaum khaws cia hauv qee qhov xwm txheej.

　　

Kev nkag mus piv: qhov piv ntawm qhov nkag mus ntawm tus qauv tom qab evaporation poob mus rau qhov qub nkag tau muab faib ua 100 thiab qhov feem pua ​​​​tau txais.